Humans are social creatures and social relationships and an individual’s place in a broader social environment can have profound effects on health. Social connections can support a longer lifespan, reduce anxiety and depression, and help support a functioning immune system.

Social isolation, or a lack of social connections, presents a risk for ill health, particularly cardiovascular disease. Loneliness, which is the feeling of being isolated regardless of an individual’s level of social contact, is similarly challenging with an association with a higher risk of death from all causes.

Individuals with high social support feel they are cared for and have access to emotional and resource support from others if they were to need it. Higher levels of social support are associated with lower levels of depression, improved management of chronic disease, and reductions in disability and mortality.